How does a shower heat exchanger work?
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The principle is based on heat transfer.
Warm wastewater flows through one side of the heat exchanger while incoming cold water flows through another. The two water streams remain physically separated, but heat can pass through the heat exchanger walls.
The most effective systems use a counterflow configuration.
In counterflow, the cold incoming water travels in the opposite direction to the warm wastewater.
This maintains a useful temperature difference across a large part of the heat exchanger and allows the system to recover a substantial amount of heat.
The result is simple:
Cold water goes in colder and comes out considerably warmer.
